Unknown voice cloning technology
Incidents involved as Developer
Incident 98315 Report
Scammers Reportedly Used AI Voice Clone and YouTube Footage to Impersonate WPP CEO in Unsuccessful Scam Attempt
2024-05-10
Scammers reportedly attempted to impersonate WPP CEO Mark Read using AI-generated voice cloning and YouTube footage in a Microsoft Teams scam. They allegedly created a fake WhatsApp account with Read’s image and used deepfake audio to deceive an agency leader into setting up a new business. The scheme, which was unsuccessful, aimed to solicit money and personal data.
MoreIncident 9428 Report
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
2025-02-20
Hack Club founder Zach Latta was reportedly targeted in an AI-assisted phishing attack exploiting Google’s own systems. Cybercriminals allegedly spoofed a legitimate Google Assistant number and used voice cloning to impersonate support staff, claiming unusual login activity from Frankfurt. They reinforced the deception by sending a real email from Google’s Workspace domain. The attack, which relied on Google’s g.co subdomain, was thwarted when inconsistencies raised Latta’s suspicions.
MoreIncident 11057 Report
Michigan Woman Defrauded in Alleged Tinder Romance Scam Using Purportedly AI-Generated Video Calls
2025-02-10
A Michigan woman, Beth Hyland, was reportedly defrauded of $26,000 in a romance scam conducted over Tinder, in which the perpetrator, "Richard," used purportedly AI-generated video technology during Skype calls to build trust. The scammer, allegedly part of Nigerian Yahoo Boys networks, reportedly posed as a French construction manager and claimed to need funds for legal and translation services. Hyland reportedly sent funds over several months. She later spoke at a U.S. Senate hearing on dating app fraud.
MoreIncident 9741 Report
Purported Deepfake Audio Allegedly Impersonates U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio in Starlink Disinformation Campaign
2025-03-04
A purported deepfake audio clip allegedly impersonating U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio falsely claimed he vowed to pressure Elon Musk into cutting Ukraine’s access to Starlink. The reported clip was inserted into a purportedly manipulated CNN interview. It was then reported to have spread across multiple languages and fueled disinformation about U.S.-Ukraine relations. Forensic analysis reportedly confirmed the audio was AI-generated.
MoreIncidents implicated systems
Incident 70136 Report
American Asylum Seeker John Mark Dougan in Russia Reportedly Spreads Disinformation via AI Tools and Fake News Network
2024-05-29
John Mark Dougan, a former Florida sheriff's deputy granted asylum in Russia, has been implicated in spreading disinformation. Utilizing AI tools like OpenAI's ChatGPT and DALL-E 3, Dougan created over 160 fake news sites, disseminating false narratives to millions worldwide. His actions align with Russian disinformation strategies targeting Western democracies. See also Incident 734.
MoreIncident 63430 Report
Alleged Deepfake CFO Scam Reportedly Costs Multinational Engineering Firm Arup $25 Million
2024-02-02
A finance employee at the multinational engineering firm Arup was reportedly deceived into transferring $25 million by fraudsters using purported deepfake technology to impersonate the firm's CFO in a video call, according to the Hong Kong police.
MoreIncident 92726 Report
Fraudsters Allegedly Use AI-Generated Voice of Italian Defense Minister Guido Crosetto to Scam Business Leaders
2025-02-04
In February 2025, scammers allegedly used AI voice cloning to impersonate Italian Defense Minister Guido Crosetto, calling top business leaders and reportedly claiming to need funds to free kidnapped journalists. Massimo Moratti was allegedly the only confirmed victim to send nearly €1M, wiring it to accounts in the Netherlands and Hong Kong before realizing the fraud. The scam involved spoofed government numbers, deepfake audio, and international money laundering networks. Police reportedly froze the funds.
MoreIncident 123624 Report
Quantum AI Scam Reportedly Used AI-Generated Celebrity Endorsements and Spoofed Media Sites to Solicit Investments
2020-01-01
A global investment fraud network known as Quantum AI has reportedly used AI-generated deepfake videos, fake news sites, phishing pages, and spoofed calls to deceive victims. The scheme allegedly impersonates celebrities, news outlets, and political leaders to promote fraudulent trading platforms, leading targets to transfer money they cannot recover. Investigations suggest coordinated operations across multiple countries and platforms.
MoreRelated Entities
Other entities that are related to the same incident. For example, if the developer of an incident is this entity but the deployer is another entity, they are marked as related entities.
Related Entities
Unknown deepfake technology
Incidents involved as Developer
- Incident 12401 Report
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Infosys Co-Founder N. R. Narayana Murthy Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding 79-Year-Old Bengaluru Woman of ₹35 Lakh (~$40,000)
- Incident 12401 Report
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Infosys Co-Founder N. R. Narayana Murthy Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding 79-Year-Old Bengaluru Woman of ₹35 Lakh (~$40,000)
Incidents implicated systems
Russian government
Incidents involved as both Developer and Deployer
Incidents involved as Developer
Incidents involved as Deployer
Journalistic integrity
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 6027 Reports
Russia Reportedly Using Artificial Intelligence in Disinformation Campaigns to Erode Western Support for Ukraine
- Incident 9694 Reports
Russian Disinformation Campaign Allegedly Used Fake News Site 'KBSF-San Francisco News' and Deepfake Video to Falsely Accuse Kamala Harris of 2011 Hit-and-Run
Media integrity
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 6027 Reports
Russia Reportedly Using Artificial Intelligence in Disinformation Campaigns to Erode Western Support for Ukraine
- Incident 9694 Reports
Russian Disinformation Campaign Allegedly Used Fake News Site 'KBSF-San Francisco News' and Deepfake Video to Falsely Accuse Kamala Harris of 2011 Hit-and-Run
Russian state media
Incidents involved as both Developer and Deployer
Incidents involved as Deployer
Unknown deepfake creator
Incidents involved as both Developer and Deployer
Incidents involved as Deployer
Elizabeth Warren
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 12232 Reports
Purportedly AI-Generated Deepfake Ads on Facebook Reportedly Impersonate Trump, Musk, Ocasio-Cortez, Warren, Sanders, and Leavitt to Promote Fraudulent Rebates
- Incident 6791 Report
A Purported Deepfake of Senator Elizabeth Warren Circulates Allegedly Saying Republicans Should Not Vote
John Mark Dougan
Incidents involved as both Developer and Deployer
Incidents involved as Deployer
- Incident 70136 Reports
American Asylum Seeker John Mark Dougan in Russia Reportedly Spreads Disinformation via AI Tools and Fake News Network
- Incident 92916 Reports
Sustained AI-Driven Russian Disinformation Campaigns Doppelgänger, Storm-1516, and Matryoshka Reportedly Disrupting German Federal Elections
Journalism
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 70136 Reports
American Asylum Seeker John Mark Dougan in Russia Reportedly Spreads Disinformation via AI Tools and Fake News Network
- Incident 9694 Reports
Russian Disinformation Campaign Allegedly Used Fake News Site 'KBSF-San Francisco News' and Deepfake Video to Falsely Accuse Kamala Harris of 2011 Hit-and-Run
General public of the United States
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 9694 Reports
Russian Disinformation Campaign Allegedly Used Fake News Site 'KBSF-San Francisco News' and Deepfake Video to Falsely Accuse Kamala Harris of 2011 Hit-and-Run
- Incident 12312 Reports
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake Video Reportedly Depicts Senator Chuck Schumer Endorsing Government Shutdown in NRSC Campaign Ad
Zoom
Incidents Harmed By
Incidents implicated systems
- Incident 80510 Reports
Senator Ben Cardin Reportedly Received a Purported Deepfake Zoom Call Impersonating Former Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba
- Incident 12062 Reports
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Spiritual Leader Sadhguru Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding Bengaluru Woman of ₹3.75 Crore (~$425,000)
Facebook users
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 8182 Reports
Jennifer Aniston’s Likeness Allegedly Exploited in Purported Deepfake Collagen Supplement Promotion
- Incident 12232 Reports
Purportedly AI-Generated Deepfake Ads on Facebook Reportedly Impersonate Trump, Musk, Ocasio-Cortez, Warren, Sanders, and Leavitt to Promote Fraudulent Rebates
Donald Trump
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 12232 Reports
Purportedly AI-Generated Deepfake Ads on Facebook Reportedly Impersonate Trump, Musk, Ocasio-Cortez, Warren, Sanders, and Leavitt to Promote Fraudulent Rebates
- Incident 9201 Report
Alleged Deepfake Scam Reportedly Promoted Trump Golden Eagles Project as Investment Opportunity
Incidents involved as Deployer
Telegram
Incidents implicated systems
- Incident 92916 Reports
Sustained AI-Driven Russian Disinformation Campaigns Doppelgänger, Storm-1516, and Matryoshka Reportedly Disrupting German Federal Elections
- Incident 10603 Reports
Institute for Strategic Dialogue Reports Russian-Aligned Operation Overload Using Purported AI-Generated Impersonations Across January to March 2025
Incidents implicated systems
- Incident 92916 Reports
Sustained AI-Driven Russian Disinformation Campaigns Doppelgänger, Storm-1516, and Matryoshka Reportedly Disrupting German Federal Elections
- Incident 9374 Reports
Bolivian Criminal Network Allegedly Used Deepfake of Education Minister to Defraud at Least 19 Victims in Employment Scam
Storm-1679
Incidents involved as Deployer
- Incident 92916 Reports
Sustained AI-Driven Russian Disinformation Campaigns Doppelgänger, Storm-1516, and Matryoshka Reportedly Disrupting German Federal Elections
- Incident 10603 Reports
Institute for Strategic Dialogue Reports Russian-Aligned Operation Overload Using Purported AI-Generated Impersonations Across January to March 2025
Storm-1516
Incidents involved as Deployer
- Incident 92916 Reports
Sustained AI-Driven Russian Disinformation Campaigns Doppelgänger, Storm-1516, and Matryoshka Reportedly Disrupting German Federal Elections
- Incident 9694 Reports
Russian Disinformation Campaign Allegedly Used Fake News Site 'KBSF-San Francisco News' and Deepfake Video to Falsely Accuse Kamala Harris of 2011 Hit-and-Run
Operation Overload
Incidents involved as Deployer
- Incident 92916 Reports
Sustained AI-Driven Russian Disinformation Campaigns Doppelgänger, Storm-1516, and Matryoshka Reportedly Disrupting German Federal Elections
- Incident 10603 Reports
Institute for Strategic Dialogue Reports Russian-Aligned Operation Overload Using Purported AI-Generated Impersonations Across January to March 2025
Matryoshka
Incidents involved as Deployer
- Incident 92916 Reports
Sustained AI-Driven Russian Disinformation Campaigns Doppelgänger, Storm-1516, and Matryoshka Reportedly Disrupting German Federal Elections
- Incident 10603 Reports
Institute for Strategic Dialogue Reports Russian-Aligned Operation Overload Using Purported AI-Generated Impersonations Across January to March 2025
Bluesky
Incidents implicated systems
- Incident 92916 Reports
Sustained AI-Driven Russian Disinformation Campaigns Doppelgänger, Storm-1516, and Matryoshka Reportedly Disrupting German Federal Elections
- Incident 10603 Reports
Institute for Strategic Dialogue Reports Russian-Aligned Operation Overload Using Purported AI-Generated Impersonations Across January to March 2025
Scammers impersonating Robert Abela and Mark Laurence Zammit
Incidents involved as Deployer
Robert Abela
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 12893 Reports
Malta's Prime Minister Robert Abela Reportedly Deepfaked by a Ukrainian National in Cryptocurrency Fraud Targeting Local Residents
- Incident 9351 Report
Reported Deepfake of Maltese Prime Minister Robert Abela and Journalist Mark Laurence Zammit Used to Promote Fraudulent Investment
General public of Malta
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 12893 Reports
Malta's Prime Minister Robert Abela Reportedly Deepfaked by a Ukrainian National in Cryptocurrency Fraud Targeting Local Residents
- Incident 9351 Report
Reported Deepfake of Maltese Prime Minister Robert Abela and Journalist Mark Laurence Zammit Used to Promote Fraudulent Investment
Voice phishers
Incidents involved as Deployer
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
Scammers impersonating Google staff
Incidents involved as Deployer
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
Zach Latta
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
Google users
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
Google Workspace
Incidents implicated systems
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
Google authentication system
Incidents implicated systems
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
Google Assistant
Incidents implicated systems
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
Google's g.co subdomain
Incidents implicated systems
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
- Incident 9428 Reports
Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder
CNN
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 123624 Reports
Quantum AI Scam Reportedly Used AI-Generated Celebrity Endorsements and Spoofed Media Sites to Solicit Investments
- Incident 9442 Reports
Kenya's Foreign Affairs Principal Secretary Korir Sing'Oei Reportedly Shared AI-Generated Video Depicting Fareed Zakaria Praising Sudan Diplomacy
social media users
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 123624 Reports
Quantum AI Scam Reportedly Used AI-Generated Celebrity Endorsements and Spoofed Media Sites to Solicit Investments
- Incident 9531 Report
Deepfake Videos of Barbara O’Neill Allegedly Used in Health Scam Targeting Social Media Users
Incidents involved as Deployer
Government of Russia
Incidents involved as both Developer and Deployer
Incidents involved as Deployer
Kamala Harris
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 9694 Reports
Russian Disinformation Campaign Allegedly Used Fake News Site 'KBSF-San Francisco News' and Deepfake Video to Falsely Accuse Kamala Harris of 2011 Hit-and-Run
- Incident 9722 Reports
Russian Influence Operation Allegedly Uses AI to Create Fake Kamala Harris Campaign Website and Rhino-Hunting Hoax
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 10291 Report
Purported AI-Generated Audio Was Reportedly Used to Claim Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Expressed Support for Imran Khan in Pakistani Parliament
- Incident 10291 Report
Purported AI-Generated Audio Was Reportedly Used to Claim Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Expressed Support for Imran Khan in Pakistani Parliament
Pakistan-Turkey relations
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 10291 Report
Purported AI-Generated Audio Was Reportedly Used to Claim Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Expressed Support for Imran Khan in Pakistani Parliament
- Incident 10291 Report
Purported AI-Generated Audio Was Reportedly Used to Claim Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Expressed Support for Imran Khan in Pakistani Parliament
General public of Turkey
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 10291 Report
Purported AI-Generated Audio Was Reportedly Used to Claim Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Expressed Support for Imran Khan in Pakistani Parliament
- Incident 10291 Report
Purported AI-Generated Audio Was Reportedly Used to Claim Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Expressed Support for Imran Khan in Pakistani Parliament
Journalists
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 10603 Reports
Institute for Strategic Dialogue Reports Russian-Aligned Operation Overload Using Purported AI-Generated Impersonations Across January to March 2025
- Incident 12831 Report
Purported AI-Enabled Pro-Russian Influence Campaign Centered on Burkina Faso's Ibrahim Traoré and Disseminated Across African Media
Scam-linked e-commerce platforms for Glyco Balance and Keto Flow + ACV
Incidents implicated systems
Affiliate redirect and auto-debit subscription systems used in scam marketing
Incidents implicated systems
Unknown actors affiliated with pro-La Libertad Avanza social media accounts
Incidents involved as Deployer
General public of New Zealand
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 11022 Reports
Purported Deepfake Featuring Dr. Rinki Murphy and Jack Tame Reportedly Used to Promote Diabetes Scam in New Zealand
- Incident 12272 Reports
New Zealand Financial Markets Authority (FMA), Te Mana Tātai Hokohoko, Reportedly Flags Purported Deepfake Pump-and-Dump Network Using Social Media Ads
Tinder
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 11057 Reports
Michigan Woman Defrauded in Alleged Tinder Romance Scam Using Purportedly AI-Generated Video Calls
- Incident 11057 Reports
Michigan Woman Defrauded in Alleged Tinder Romance Scam Using Purportedly AI-Generated Video Calls
Incidents implicated systems
Unknown international scam network operating across multiple EU countries
Incidents involved as Deployer
Unknown scam network linked to AI‑generated deepfake campaign promoting OST stock
Incidents involved as Deployer
Unknown actor(s) provoking tensions between Papua New Guinea and Bougainville
Incidents involved as Deployer
Unnamed 57-year-old woman in Bengaluru targeted by scammers impersonating Sadhguru
Incidents Harmed By
Quantum AI
Incidents involved as Deployer
- Incident 123624 Reports
Quantum AI Scam Reportedly Used AI-Generated Celebrity Endorsements and Spoofed Media Sites to Solicit Investments
- Incident 12072 Reports
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Irish Fine Gael Presidential Candidate Heather Humphreys Used in Fake Investment Videos on Meta Platforms
Incidents implicated systems
General public of Ireland
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 12072 Reports
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Irish Fine Gael Presidential Candidate Heather Humphreys Used in Fake Investment Videos on Meta Platforms
- Incident 12582 Reports
Purported Deepfake Mimicking RTÉ Broadcast Falsely Announced Irish Presidential Candidate Catherine Connolly's Withdrawal
Chuck Schumer
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 12312 Reports
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake Video Reportedly Depicts Senator Chuck Schumer Endorsing Government Shutdown in NRSC Campaign Ad
- Incident 12141 Report
Donald Trump Reportedly Posts Purported AI-Modified Video of Chuck Schumer and Hakeem Jeffries During U.S. Government Shutdown Talks
Unknown scammer impersonating the daughter of Sharon Brightwell
Incidents involved as Deployer
Meta users
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 123624 Reports
Quantum AI Scam Reportedly Used AI-Generated Celebrity Endorsements and Spoofed Media Sites to Solicit Investments
- Incident 12232 Reports
Purportedly AI-Generated Deepfake Ads on Facebook Reportedly Impersonate Trump, Musk, Ocasio-Cortez, Warren, Sanders, and Leavitt to Promote Fraudulent Rebates
Unidentified Brazilian fraud group (arrested in Rio Grande do Sul)
Incidents involved as Deployer
Unknown scammers impersonating N. R. Narayana Murthy
Incidents involved as Deployer
- Incident 12401 Report
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Infosys Co-Founder N. R. Narayana Murthy Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding 79-Year-Old Bengaluru Woman of ₹35 Lakh (~$40,000)
- Incident 12401 Report
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Infosys Co-Founder N. R. Narayana Murthy Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding 79-Year-Old Bengaluru Woman of ₹35 Lakh (~$40,000)
N. R. Narayana Murthy
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 12401 Report
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Infosys Co-Founder N. R. Narayana Murthy Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding 79-Year-Old Bengaluru Woman of ₹35 Lakh (~$40,000)
- Incident 12401 Report
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Infosys Co-Founder N. R. Narayana Murthy Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding 79-Year-Old Bengaluru Woman of ₹35 Lakh (~$40,000)
Archana
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 12401 Report
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Infosys Co-Founder N. R. Narayana Murthy Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding 79-Year-Old Bengaluru Woman of ₹35 Lakh (~$40,000)
- Incident 12401 Report
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Infosys Co-Founder N. R. Narayana Murthy Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding 79-Year-Old Bengaluru Woman of ₹35 Lakh (~$40,000)
Fake trading platform
Incidents implicated systems
- Incident 12401 Report
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Infosys Co-Founder N. R. Narayana Murthy Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding 79-Year-Old Bengaluru Woman of ₹35 Lakh (~$40,000)
- Incident 12401 Report
Purported AI-Generated Deepfake of Infosys Co-Founder N. R. Narayana Murthy Used in Investment Scam Allegedly Defrauding 79-Year-Old Bengaluru Woman of ₹35 Lakh (~$40,000)
Unknown scammers impersonating Anne Jakkraphong Jakrajutatip
Incidents involved as Deployer
Investors in Malta
Incidents Harmed By
- Incident 12893 Reports
Malta's Prime Minister Robert Abela Reportedly Deepfaked by a Ukrainian National in Cryptocurrency Fraud Targeting Local Residents
- Incident 12901 Report
Alleged Fabricated News Sites and Deepfakes Impersonated Maltese Ministers, Financial Experts, and Media to Promote NethertoxAGENT Fraud