Description: A purported Moscow-based disinformation network, Pravda, allegedly infiltrated AI models by flooding the internet with pro-Kremlin falsehoods. A NewsGuard audit found that 10 major AI chatbots repeated these narratives 33% of the time, citing Pravda sources as legitimate. The tactic, called "LLM grooming," manipulates AI training data to embed Russian propaganda. Pravda is part of Portal Kombat, a larger Russian disinformation network identified by VIGINUM in February 2024, but in operation since February 2022.
Editor Notes: This incident ID represents an ongoing, highly complex disinformation campaign that has been leveraging AI since February 2022, around the time of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. France's VIGINUM reported on the "Portal Kombat" disinformation network in this February 12th, 2024 report: https://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/files/files/20240212_NP_SGDSN_VIGINUM_PORTAL-KOMBAT-NETWORK_ENG_VF.pdf. Portal Kombat is the name for the wider network that "Pravda" is a part of. The first Pravda websites began appearing between April 3rd and December 17th, 2022, according to VIGINUM. On February 26th, 2025, the American Sunlight Project published more information on Pravda in an investigative report that can be accessed here: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/6612cbdfd9a9ce56ef931004/t/67bf1de6429a912e3cbe8c83/1740578284208/PK+Report.pdf. On March 6th, 2025, NewsGuard released more information on Pravda's "LLM grooming" tactics. Their report can be read here: https://www.newsguardrealitycheck.com/p/a-well-funded-moscow-based-global. The incident date of 02/24/2022 is in reference to VIGINUM's report summary citing February 2022 (p. 2). While a precise start date for Portal Kombat is unknown, aligning it with Russia's invasion of Ukraine is a reasonable approximation. Please also refer to incidents 701 and 734 in particular for closely related incidents.
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The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) automatically collects and classifies AI-related incidents and hazards in real time from reputable news sources worldwide.
Entities
View all entitiesAlleged: You.com , xAI , Perplexity , OpenAI , Mistral , Microsoft , Meta , Inflection , Google and Anthropic developed an AI system deployed by TigerWeb , Storm-1516 , Russian state media , Pravda disinformation network , Portal Kombat , John Mark Dougan , Government of Russia , Information manipulation actors and Pro-Russian information manipulation actors, which harmed Policymakers , National security and intelligence stakeholders , Media consumers , Journalists , Journalistic integrity , Governments , Government of Ukraine , General public of Ukraine , General public , Epistemic integrity , Democratic integrity and Chatbot users.
Alleged implicated AI systems: Meta , You.com Smart Assistant , xAI Grok , Perplexity Answer Engine , Mistral le Chat , Inflection Pi , Gemini , Copilot , GPT-4o , ChatGPT and Anthropic Claude
Incident Stats
Risk Subdomain
A further 23 subdomains create an accessible and understandable classification of hazards and harms associated with AI
4.1. Disinformation, surveillance, and influence at scale
Risk Domain
The Domain Taxonomy of AI Risks classifies risks into seven AI risk domains: (1) Discrimination & toxicity, (2) Privacy & security, (3) Misinformation, (4) Malicious actors & misuse, (5) Human-computer interaction, (6) Socioeconomic & environmental harms, and (7) AI system safety, failures & limitations.
- Malicious Actors & Misuse
Entity
Which, if any, entity is presented as the main cause of the risk
Human
Timing
The stage in the AI lifecycle at which the risk is presented as occurring
Post-deployment
Intent
Whether the risk is presented as occurring as an expected or unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal
Intentional
Incident Reports
Reports Timeline
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French military and cybersecurity experts say they have identified a Moscow-based network spreading propaganda and disinformation in western Europe.
France’s Viginum agency, which was set up in 2021 to detect digital interference from forei…
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