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Entities

Pro se litigants

Incidents Harmed By

Incident 16001 Report
Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

2025-09-11

Self-represented appellant Jeffrey Kotchka reportedly used purported AI tools to prepare an opening brief in a probate dispute involving his late mother's estate. The Arizona Court of Appeals found six of its eight citations deficient, including two nonexistent cases, and said Kotchka had made no effort to verify them. The court affirmed the appointment of his sister, Kim Dineen, as personal representative, ordering Kotchka to pay her attorney fees attributable to addressing the false citations.

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Incidents involved as Deployer

Incident 15772 Report
Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

2025-01-24

In Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines, the Tenth Circuit sanctioned attorney Kusmin L. Amarsingh after finding that her appellate brief included fabricated case citations and misattributed legal authority generated by ChatGPT and not verified before filing. The court ordered a $1,000 payment to Frontier and referred the matter to Maryland disciplinary authorities.

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Incident 16001 Report
Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

2025-09-11

Self-represented appellant Jeffrey Kotchka reportedly used purported AI tools to prepare an opening brief in a probate dispute involving his late mother's estate. The Arizona Court of Appeals found six of its eight citations deficient, including two nonexistent cases, and said Kotchka had made no effort to verify them. The court affirmed the appointment of his sister, Kim Dineen, as personal representative, ordering Kotchka to pay her attorney fees attributable to addressing the false citations.

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Related Entities
Other entities that are related to the same incident. For example, if the developer of an incident is this entity but the deployer is another entity, they are marked as related entities.
 

Entity

Lawyers

Incidents involved as Deployer
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

More
Entity

Kusmin L. Amarsingh

Incidents involved as Deployer
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

More
Entity

OpenAI

Incidents involved as Developer
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

More
Entity

Large language model developers

Incidents involved as Developer
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

More
Entity

Chatbot developers

Incidents involved as Developer
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

More
Entity

AI research tool developers

Incidents involved as Developer
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

More
Entity

United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

Incidents Harmed By
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

More
Entity

Judicial integrity

Incidents Harmed By
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

More
Entity

Frontier Airlines

Incidents Harmed By
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

More
Entity

Epistemic integrity

Incidents Harmed By
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

More
Entity

Large language models

Incidents implicated systems
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

More
Entity

ChatGPT

Incidents implicated systems
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

More
Entity

Chatbots

Incidents implicated systems
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

More
Entity

AI research tools

Incidents implicated systems
  • Incident 1577
    2 Reports

    Lawyer in Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines Sanctioned Over Court-Identified ChatGPT Citation Errors

More
Entity

Jeffrey Kotchka

Incidents Harmed By
  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

Incidents involved as Deployer
  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

More
Entity

Litigants

Incidents Harmed By
  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

Incidents involved as Deployer
  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

More
Entity

Kim Dineen

Incidents Harmed By
  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

More
Entity

Arizona Court of Appeals

Incidents Harmed By
  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

More
Entity

AI-assisted legal research systems

Incidents implicated systems
  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

  • Incident 1600
    1 Report

    Purportedly AI-Generated False Citations in Arizona Probate Appeal Reportedly Led to Sanctions Against Self-Represented Appellant

More

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