Description: 'Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Generative AI: Tools, Techniques and Systems,' published by Springer Nature in June 2025, reportedly contains numerous purportedly untraceable academic citations. Independent analyses by multiple researchers allegedly found that a substantial share of references in certain chapters could not be verified, including citations to journals that do not exist. Citation patterns reportedly appear consistent with known large language model hallucination behaviors.
Entities
View all entitiesAlleged: Large language model developers and Generative AI developers developed an AI system deployed by Srikanta Patnaik , Jair Minoro Abe , Kazumi Nakamatsu , Francesco Vigliarolo , Springer Nature and Unnamed chapter authors, which harmed Academic researchers , AI researchers , Readers of academic and technical publications , Students and Epistemic integrity.
Alleged implicated AI systems: Unknown generative AI systems and Large language models
Incident Stats
Risk Subdomain
A further 23 subdomains create an accessible and understandable classification of hazards and harms associated with AI
3.1. False or misleading information
Risk Domain
The Domain Taxonomy of AI Risks classifies risks into seven AI risk domains: (1) Discrimination & toxicity, (2) Privacy & security, (3) Misinformation, (4) Malicious actors & misuse, (5) Human-computer interaction, (6) Socioeconomic & environmental harms, and (7) AI system safety, failures & limitations.
- Misinformation
Entity
Which, if any, entity is presented as the main cause of the risk
AI
Timing
The stage in the AI lifecycle at which the risk is presented as occurring
Post-deployment
Intent
Whether the risk is presented as occurring as an expected or unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal
Unintentional
Incident Reports
Reports Timeline
Loading...
One of the world's largest academic publishers is selling a book on the ethics of artificial intelligence research that appears to be riddled with fake citations, including references to journals that do not exist.
Academic publishing has r…
Variants
A "variant" is an AI incident similar to a known case—it has the same causes, harms, and AI system. Instead of listing it separately, we group it under the first reported incident. Unlike other incidents, variants do not need to have been reported outside the AIID. Learn more from the research paper.
Seen something similar?
Similar Incidents
Selected by our editors
Did our AI mess up? Flag the unrelated incidents
Loading...
Defamation via AutoComplete
· 28 reports
Loading...
Amazon Censors Gay Books
· 24 reports
Similar Incidents
Selected by our editors
Did our AI mess up? Flag the unrelated incidents
Loading...
Defamation via AutoComplete
· 28 reports
Loading...
Amazon Censors Gay Books
· 24 reports