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Incident 1144: xAI Allegedly Operates Unpermitted Methane Turbines in Memphis to Power Supercomputer Colossus to Train Grok

Description: The xAI "Colossus" supercomputer facility in South Memphis allegedly runs 33 methane-powered turbines, despite a permit for only 15. The turbines reportedly power AI training for Grok. The facility's massive energy use and alleged unpermitted turbines reportedly produce extreme nitrogen oxide and formaldehyde emissions, adding toxic smog to a predominantly Black neighborhood already burdened by pollution and health risks.
Editor Notes: Reported timeline of events: (1) 06/05/2024, it is reportedly announced that xAI will begin constructing and operating Colossus, a massive AI supercomputer facility in a predominantly Black neighborhood in South Memphis. (2) Throughout 2024 and into 2025, reports emerge that the facility is running 33 methane-powered gas turbines despite having permits for only 15, reportedly producing large volumes of nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde without public notice or pollution controls.

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Alleged: xAI , xAI Grok , Unpermitted energy infrastructure , Methane gas turbines , Industrial emissions control and Colossus developed and deployed an AI system, which harmed South Memphis community , Residents with pre-existing health conditions , Residents living in the vicinity of the Colossus supercomputer , Predominantly Black communities and General public of Memphis.
Alleged implicated AI systems: xAI Grok , Unpermitted energy infrastructure , Methane gas turbines , Industrial emissions control and Colossus

Incident Stats

Incident ID
1144
Report Count
7
Incident Date
2024-06-05
Editors
Daniel Atherton

Incident Reports

Reports Timeline

Incident OccurrenceInside Elon Musk’s Mad Dash To Build A Giant xAI Supercomputer In MemphisHow Memphis became a battleground over Elon Musk's xAI supercomputerRegional power authority approves request for Musk's Memphis AI supercomputer project+1
Elon Musk’s xAI powering its facility in Memphis with ‘illegal’ generators
+1
Elon Musk’s xAI gets permit for methane gas generators
Inside Elon Musk’s Mad Dash To Build A Giant xAI Supercomputer In Memphis

Inside Elon Musk’s Mad Dash To Build A Giant xAI Supercomputer In Memphis

forbes.com

How Memphis became a battleground over Elon Musk's xAI supercomputer

How Memphis became a battleground over Elon Musk's xAI supercomputer

npr.org

Regional power authority approves request for Musk's Memphis AI supercomputer project

Regional power authority approves request for Musk's Memphis AI supercomputer project

npr.org

Elon Musk’s xAI powering its facility in Memphis with ‘illegal’ generators

Elon Musk’s xAI powering its facility in Memphis with ‘illegal’ generators

theguardian.com

Elon Musk’s xAI accused of pollution over Memphis supercomputer

Elon Musk’s xAI accused of pollution over Memphis supercomputer

theguardian.com

Elon Musk’s xAI gets permit for methane gas generators

Elon Musk’s xAI gets permit for methane gas generators

theguardian.com

A billionaire, an AI supercomputer, toxic emissions and a Memphis community that did nothing wrong

A billionaire, an AI supercomputer, toxic emissions and a Memphis community that did nothing wrong

tennesseelookout.com

Inside Elon Musk’s Mad Dash To Build A Giant xAI Supercomputer In Memphis
forbes.com · 2024

As Ted Townsend tells it, Elon Musk took roughly a week to decide to build the new supercomputer for his AI startup, xAI, in Memphis. After a whirlwind few days of negotiations in March, Musk and his team --- which included representatives …

How Memphis became a battleground over Elon Musk's xAI supercomputer
npr.org · 2024

Down a long, flat road in the industrial zone of South Memphis, a newly occupied factory is humming with activity. It's a low-level white building that spans the length of several football fields. Workers in fluorescent green vests excavate…

Regional power authority approves request for Musk's Memphis AI supercomputer project
npr.org · 2024

The regional power authority in Memphis approved a request for enough energy to power a small city. Elon Musk's AI company will use it for a massive supercomputer. The project was a surprise to many.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

The regional power …

Elon Musk’s xAI powering its facility in Memphis with ‘illegal’ generators
theguardian.com · 2025

KeShaun Pearson took a seat in front of the Shelby county board of commissioners in Memphis, Tennessee, on Wednesday morning. In the gallery behind him, a small group of people held up signs that said “Our air = our lives” and “Our water, O…

Elon Musk’s xAI accused of pollution over Memphis supercomputer
theguardian.com · 2025

Elon Musk’s artificial intelligence (AI) company is stirring controversy in Memphis, Tennessee. That’s where he’s building a massive supercomputer to power his company xAI. Community residents and environmental activists say that since the …

Elon Musk’s xAI gets permit for methane gas generators
theguardian.com · 2025

Elon Musk’s artificial intelligence company xAI has been granted a permit to run methane gas generators at its massive datacenter in Memphis, Tennessee. The county health department approved the permit for the 15 machines late on Wednesday,…

A billionaire, an AI supercomputer, toxic emissions and a Memphis community that did nothing wrong
tennesseelookout.com · 2025

Class dynamics influence the environments in which humans live, yet when this topic arises, it's almost always framed as a global issue. For example, anthropologist Jason Hickel recently published a now-viral map displaying how, by the year…

Variants

A "variant" is an AI incident similar to a known case—it has the same causes, harms, and AI system. Instead of listing it separately, we group it under the first reported incident. Unlike other incidents, variants do not need to have been reported outside the AIID. Learn more from the research paper.
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