Description: A criminal defendant's lawyers found a draft conviction proposing 18 years in prison in the court file before closing arguments in Cali, Colombia. Colombia's Supreme Court inferred that generative AI helped assess the complainant's testimony. It found that the draft prejudged guilt, granted relief for violations of due process and the right to an impartial trial, and ordered the case reassigned.
Editor Notes: Timeline notes: 09/19/2025: The defense sought the trial judge's recusal after finding a draft conviction in the electronic case file before closing arguments. 10/01/2025 and 10/07/2025: The trial court and another Cali court rejected the recusal. 10/23/2025: The Superior Tribunal of Cali denied constitutional relief. 12/02/2025: Colombia's Supreme Court granted relief, set aside the recusal orders, and assigned the case to the next court in rotation. 11/07/2026: Incident ID created.
Entities
View all entitiesAlleged: Large language model developers , Chatbot developers and AI-assisted legal drafting system developers developed an AI system deployed by Juzgado 7.º Penal del Circuito de Cali , Courts and Chatbot users, which harmed Criminal defendants , Defendants , Parties to legal proceedings , Judicial integrity and Epistemic integrity.
Alleged implicated AI systems: AI-assisted legal drafting systems , Large language models and Chatbots
Incident Stats
Incident ID
1801
Report Count
3
Incident Date
2025-09-19
Editors
Daniel Atherton
Incident Reports
Reports Timeline
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La Corte Suprema de Justicia revocó una decisión del Tribunal Superior de Cali y concedió la protección de los derechos al debido proceso y a un juicio imparcial de un procesado, luego de detectar un hecho que encendió las alarmas en el sis…
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José Joaquín Urbano Martínez post-incident response
República de Colombia
Corte Suprema de Justicia
Sala de Casación Penal
SALA DE DECISIÓN DE TUTELAS N.º 2
JOSÉ JOAQUÍN URBANO MARTÍNEZ
Magistrado ponente
STP21973-2025
Radicación No. 150.278
Acta 336
Bogotá, D. C., Dos (2) de diciembre de do…
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Un duro jalón de orejas hizo la Corte Suprema de Justicia a un juez que usó indebidamente la Inteligencia Artificial para construir un borrador de sentencia que condenaba al procesado aún cuando no había culminado el juicio. La IA hizo valo…
Variants
A "variant" is an AI incident similar to a known case—it has the same causes, harms, and AI system. Instead of listing it separately, we group it under the first reported incident. Unlike other incidents, variants do not need to have been reported outside the AIID. Learn more from the research paper.
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unreviewed
Incident Date:
2026-03-13