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インシデント 11: Northpointe Risk Models

概要: An algorithm developed by Northpointe and used in the penal system is two times more likely to incorrectly label a black person as a high-risk re-offender and is two times more likely to incorrectly label a white person as low-risk for reoffense according to a ProPublica review.

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組織

すべての組織を表示
推定: Northpointeが開発し提供したAIシステムで、Accused Peopleに影響を与えた

インシデントのステータス

インシデントID
11
レポート数
15
インシデント発生日
2016-05-23
エディタ
Sean McGregor
Applied Taxonomies
CSETv0, CSETv1, GMF, MIT

CSETv0 分類法のクラス

分類法の詳細

Problem Nature

Indicates which, if any, of the following types of AI failure describe the incident: "Specification," i.e. the system's behavior did not align with the true intentions of its designer, operator, etc; "Robustness," i.e. the system operated unsafely because of features or changes in its environment, or in the inputs the system received; "Assurance," i.e. the system could not be adequately monitored or controlled during operation.
 

Unknown/unclear

Physical System

Where relevant, indicates whether the AI system(s) was embedded into or tightly associated with specific types of hardware.
 

Software only

Level of Autonomy

The degree to which the AI system(s) functions independently from human intervention. "High" means there is no human involved in the system action execution; "Medium" means the system generates a decision and a human oversees the resulting action; "low" means the system generates decision-support output and a human makes a decision and executes an action.
 

Medium

Nature of End User

"Expert" if users with special training or technical expertise were the ones meant to benefit from the AI system(s)’ operation; "Amateur" if the AI systems were primarily meant to benefit the general public or untrained users.
 

Expert

Public Sector Deployment

"Yes" if the AI system(s) involved in the accident were being used by the public sector or for the administration of public goods (for example, public transportation). "No" if the system(s) were being used in the private sector or for commercial purposes (for example, a ride-sharing company), on the other.
 

Yes

Data Inputs

A brief description of the data that the AI system(s) used or were trained on.
 

137-question survey

CSETv1 分類法のクラス

分類法の詳細

Incident Number

The number of the incident in the AI Incident Database.
 

11

MIT 分類法のクラス

Machine-Classified
分類法の詳細

Risk Subdomain

A further 23 subdomains create an accessible and understandable classification of hazards and harms associated with AI
 

1.1. Unfair discrimination and misrepresentation

Risk Domain

The Domain Taxonomy of AI Risks classifies risks into seven AI risk domains: (1) Discrimination & toxicity, (2) Privacy & security, (3) Misinformation, (4) Malicious actors & misuse, (5) Human-computer interaction, (6) Socioeconomic & environmental harms, and (7) AI system safety, failures & limitations.
 
  1. Discrimination and Toxicity

Entity

Which, if any, entity is presented as the main cause of the risk
 

AI

Timing

The stage in the AI lifecycle at which the risk is presented as occurring
 

Post-deployment

Intent

Whether the risk is presented as occurring as an expected or unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal
 

Unintentional

インシデントレポート

レポートタイムライン

+5
ProPublica analysis finds bias in COMPAS criminal justice risk scoring system
Even algorithms are biased against black menAre criminal risk assessment scores racist?A New Program Judges If You’re a Criminal From Your Facial Features+1
ProPublica Is Wrong In Charging Racial Bias In An Algorithm
Algorithmic InjusticeSentence by Numbers: The Scary Truth Behind Risk Assessment AlgorithmsNew York City Takes on Algorithmic DiscriminationYes, artificial intelligence can be racistCan you make AI fairer than a judge? Play our courtroom algorithm game
ProPublica analysis finds bias in COMPAS criminal justice risk scoring system

ProPublica analysis finds bias in COMPAS criminal justice risk scoring system

privacyinternational.org

How We Analyzed the COMPAS Recidivism Algorithm

How We Analyzed the COMPAS Recidivism Algorithm

propublica.org

U.S. Courts Are Using Algorithms Riddled With Racism to Hand Out Sentences

U.S. Courts Are Using Algorithms Riddled With Racism to Hand Out Sentences

mic.com

Machine Bias - ProPublica

Machine Bias - ProPublica

propublica.org

The Hidden Discrimination In Criminal Risk-Assessment Scores

The Hidden Discrimination In Criminal Risk-Assessment Scores

npr.org

Even algorithms are biased against black men

Even algorithms are biased against black men

theguardian.com

Are criminal risk assessment scores racist?

Are criminal risk assessment scores racist?

brookings.edu

A New Program Judges If You’re a Criminal From Your Facial Features

A New Program Judges If You’re a Criminal From Your Facial Features

vice.com

ProPublica Is Wrong In Charging Racial Bias In An Algorithm

ProPublica Is Wrong In Charging Racial Bias In An Algorithm

acsh.org

A Popular Algorithm Is No Better at Predicting Crimes Than Random People

A Popular Algorithm Is No Better at Predicting Crimes Than Random People

theatlantic.com

Algorithmic Injustice

Algorithmic Injustice

thenewatlantis.com

Sentence by Numbers: The Scary Truth Behind Risk Assessment Algorithms

Sentence by Numbers: The Scary Truth Behind Risk Assessment Algorithms

digitalethics.org

New York City Takes on Algorithmic Discrimination

New York City Takes on Algorithmic Discrimination

aclu.org

Yes, artificial intelligence can be racist

Yes, artificial intelligence can be racist

vox.com

Can you make AI fairer than a judge? Play our courtroom algorithm game

Can you make AI fairer than a judge? Play our courtroom algorithm game

technologyreview.com

ProPublica analysis finds bias in COMPAS criminal justice risk scoring system
privacyinternational.org · 2016

Computer programs that perform risk assessments of crime suspects are increasingly common in American courtrooms, and are used at every stage of the criminal justice systems to determine who may be set free or granted parole, and the size o…

How We Analyzed the COMPAS Recidivism Algorithm
propublica.org · 2016

Across the nation, judges, probation and parole officers are increasingly using algorithms to assess a criminal defendant’s likelihood of becoming a recidivist – a term used to describe criminals who re-offend. There are dozens of these ris…

U.S. Courts Are Using Algorithms Riddled With Racism to Hand Out Sentences
mic.com · 2016

For years, the criminal justice community has been worried. Courts across the country are assigning bond amounts sentencing the accused based on algorithms, and both lawyers and data scientists warn that these algorithms could be poisoned b…

Machine Bias - ProPublica
propublica.org · 2016

On a spring afternoon in 2014, Brisha Borden was running late to pick up her god-sister from school when she spotted an unlocked kid’s blue Huffy bicycle and a silver Razor scooter. Borden and a friend grabbed the bike and scooter and tried…

The Hidden Discrimination In Criminal Risk-Assessment Scores
npr.org · 2016

The Hidden Discrimination In Criminal Risk-Assessment Scores

Courtrooms across the country are increasingly using a defendant's "risk assessment score" to help make decisions about bond, parole and sentencing. The companies behind these sco…

Even algorithms are biased against black men
theguardian.com · 2016

One of my most treasured possessions is The Art of Computer Programming by Donald Knuth, a computer scientist for whom the word “legendary” might have been coined. In a way, one could think of his magnum opus as an attempt to do for compute…

Are criminal risk assessment scores racist?
brookings.edu · 2016

Imagine you were found guilty of a crime and were waiting to learn your sentence. Would you rather have your sentence determined by a computer algorithm, which dispassionately weights factors that predict your future risk of crime (such as …

A New Program Judges If You’re a Criminal From Your Facial Features
vice.com · 2016

Like a more crooked version of the Voight-Kampff test from Blade Runner, a new machine learning paper from a pair of Chinese researchers has delved into the controversial task of letting a computer decide on your innocence. Can a computer k…

ProPublica Is Wrong In Charging Racial Bias In An Algorithm
acsh.org · 2018

Predicting the future is not only the provenance of fortune tellers or media pundits. Predictive algorithms, based on extensive datasets and statistics have overtaken wholesale and retail operations as any online shopper knows. And in the l…

A Popular Algorithm Is No Better at Predicting Crimes Than Random People
theatlantic.com · 2018

Caution is indeed warranted, according to Julia Dressel and Hany Farid from Dartmouth College. In a new study, they have shown that COMPAS is no better at predicting an individual’s risk of recidivism than random volunteers recruited from t…

Algorithmic Injustice
thenewatlantis.com · 2018

Don’t blame the algorithm — as long as there are racial disparities in the justice system, sentencing software can never be entirely fair.

For generations, the Maasai people of eastern Africa have passed down the story of a tireless old man…

Sentence by Numbers: The Scary Truth Behind Risk Assessment Algorithms
digitalethics.org · 2018

Although crime rates have fallen steadily since the 1990s, rates of recidivism remain a factor in the areas of both public safety and prisoner management. The National Institute of Justice defines recidivism as “criminal acts that resulted …

New York City Takes on Algorithmic Discrimination
aclu.org · 2018

Invisible algorithms increasingly shape the world we live in, and not always for the better. Unfortunately, few mechanisms are in place to ensure they’re not causing more harm than good.

That might finally be changing: A first-in-the-nation…

Yes, artificial intelligence can be racist
vox.com · 2019

Open up the photo app on your phone and search “dog,” and all the pictures you have of dogs will come up. This was no easy feat. Your phone knows what a dog “looks” like.

This modern-day marvel is the result of machine learning, a form of a…

Can you make AI fairer than a judge? Play our courtroom algorithm game
technologyreview.com · 2019

As a child, you develop a sense of what “fairness” means. It’s a concept that you learn early on as you come to terms with the world around you. Something either feels fair or it doesn’t.

But increasingly, algorithms have begun to arbitrate…

バリアント

「バリアント」は既存のAIインシデントと同じ原因要素を共有し、同様な被害を引き起こし、同じ知的システムを含んだインシデントです。バリアントは完全に独立したインシデントとしてインデックスするのではなく、データベースに最初に投稿された同様なインシデントの元にインシデントのバリエーションとして一覧します。インシデントデータベースの他の投稿タイプとは違い、バリアントではインシデントデータベース以外の根拠のレポートは要求されません。詳細についてはこの研究論文を参照してください

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Did our AI mess up? Flag the unrelated incidents

COMPAS Algorithm Performs Poorly in Crime Recidivism Prediction

A Popular Algorithm Is No Better at Predicting Crimes Than Random People

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Did our AI mess up? Flag the unrelated incidents

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A Popular Algorithm Is No Better at Predicting Crimes Than Random People

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