ONE EVENING IN July of 2020, a woman named Kathryn went to the hospital in excruciating pain.

A 32-year-old psychology grad student in Michigan, Kathryn lived with endometriosis, an agonizing condition that causes uterine-like cells to abno…

Elizabeth Amirault had never heard of a Narx Score. But she said she learned last year the tool had been used to track her medication use.

During an August 2022 visit to a hospital in Fort Wayne, Indiana, Amirault told a nurse practitioner …

Before Dr. Bobby Mukkamala --- an ear, nose, and throat specialist in Michigan --- prescribed postsurgical opioids recently, he checked state records of his patient's existing controlled substance prescriptions, as legally required. A score…